Oxyberberine is an alkaloid and a metabolite of the alkaloid berberine that has been found in A. mexicana and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3 Oxyberberine is formed from berberine by gut microbiota.2 It reduces viability of SW480 colon cancer cells when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 ?g/ml.1 Oxyberberine (50 and 100 mg/kg) increases the ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated PI3K, Akt, and GSK3β in isolated rat pancreatic tissue and reduces rat blood glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin .2 It also reduces inflammation and hepatosteatosis in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).3
1.Singh, S., Verma, M., Malhotra, M., et al.Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone mexicana on SW480 human colon cancer cell linePharm. Biol.54(4)740-745(2016) 2.Dou, Y., Huang, R., Li, Q., et al.Oxyberberine, an absorbed metabolite of berberine, possess superior hypoglycemic effect via regulating the PI3K/Akt and Nrf2 signaling pathwaysBiomed. Pharmacother.137111312(2021) 3.Li, Q.-P., Dou, Y.-X., Huabg, Z.-W., et al.Therapeutic effect of oxyberberine on obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ratsPhytomedicine85153550(2021)