Carboxyatractyloside is a natural heteroglucoside produced in some plants, including A. gummifera.1 Carboxyatractyloside prevents mitochondrial ATP synthesis by inhibiting ADP/ATP translocases, which are responsible for the exchange of adenine di- and triphosphates across the inner mitochondrial membrane.1,2
1.Dahout-Gonzalez, C., Hury, H., Trézéguet, V., et al.Molecular, functional, and pathological aspects of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrierPhysiology (Bethesda)21242-249(2006) 2.Klingenberg, M.The ADP and ATP transport in mitochondria and its carrierBiochim. Biophys. Acta1778(10)1978-2021(2008)