(Arg)9

Cell experiment:

(Arg)9 is prepared as 100× stocks (500 μM) in normal saline and assessed in a concentration range from 0.1 to 15 μM. (Arg)9 is added to culture 96-well plate 15 min prior to glutamic acid or kainic acid exposure. Neuronal viability is quantitatively using the MTS assay[1].

Animal experiment:

Rats: (Arg)9 (D-isoform) is prepared in 100× stocks (500 μM in water and assessed in a concentration range from 0.1 to 20 μM. Rats are fasted overnight and subjected to filament permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Thirty minutes post-MCAO rats are intravenously treated with (Arg)9 (1 μmol/kg in 600 μL over 5 minutes) or vehicle (normal saline for injection; 600 μL over 5 minutes). Treatments are randomized and all procedures are performed masked to treatment. Twenty-four hours post-MCAO infarct area assessment is performed[2].

References:

[1]. Meloni BP, et al. The neuroprotective efficacy of cell-penetrating peptides TAT, penetratin, Arg-9, and Pep-1 in glutamic acid, kainic acid, and in vitro ischemia injury models using primary cortical neuronal cultures. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2014 Mar;34(2):173-81.
[2]. Meloni BP, et al. Poly-arginine and arginine-rich peptides are neuroprotective in stroke models. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015 Jun;35(6):993-1004.
[3]. Milani D, et al. Poly-arginine peptides reduce infarct volume in a permanent middle cerebral artery rat strokemodel. BMC Neurosci. 2016 May 3;17(1):19.