CRAMP (mouse) is a cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expressed in embryonic and adult mice[1]. AMPs exert multiple immunomodulatory effects that may be dominant under physiological conditions and lose their bactericidal properties in serum and tissue environments[2]. CRAMP (mouse) is an effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting the growth of multiple bacterial strains and directly permeabilizing the inner membrane of Escherichia coli[3]. Mice lacking CRAMP are more susceptible to central nervous system pneumococcal infection, resulting in higher bacterial loads within the brain and outside the central nervous system, accompanied by reduced neutrophil infiltration and higher mortality[4]. CRAMP (mouse) is able to enhance the chemotactic response of bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells (BMSPCs) to a low α-chemokine stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) gradient[5].
References:
[1] Gallo R L, Kim K J, Bernfield M, et al. Identification of CRAMP, a cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide expressed in the embryonic and adult mouse[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997, 272(20): 13088-13093.
[2] Xia X, Cheng L, Zhang S, et al. The role of natural antimicrobial peptides during infection and chronic inflammation[J]. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 2018, 111: 5-26.
[3] Mishra N M, Briers Y, Lamberigts C, et al. Evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of novel CRAMP–vancomycin conjugates with diverse linkers[J]. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 2015, 13(27): 7477-7486.
[4] Kress E, Merres J, Albrecht L J, et al. CRAMP deficiency leads to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and impaired phagocytosis after exposure to bacterial meningitis pathogens[J]. Cell Communication and Signaling, 2017, 15: 1-15.
[5] Klyachkin Y M, Idris A, Rodell C B, et al. Cathelicidin related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) enhances bone marrow cell retention and attenuates cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of myocardial infarction[J]. Stem cell reviews and reports, 2018, 14: 702-714.
CRAMP (mouse)是一种在胚胎和成年小鼠中表达的cathelin相关的抗菌肽（AMP）[1]。AMP发挥多种免疫调节作用，在生理条件下可能占主导地位，在血清和组织环境中会失去杀菌特性[2]。CRAMP (mouse)通过抑制多种细菌菌株的生长和直接透化大肠杆菌的内膜而成为针对革兰氏阴性菌的有效抗生素[3]。缺乏CRAMP的小鼠更容易受到中枢神经系统肺炎球菌感染，导致大脑内部和中枢神经系统外部的细菌负荷更高，并伴有中性粒细胞浸润减少和死亡率更高[4]。CRAMP (mouse)能够增强骨髓来源的干细胞/祖细胞（BMSPC）对低α-趋化因子基质衍生因子1（SDF-1）梯度的趋化反应[5]。