Ac-muramic acid (N-acetylmuramic acid, MurNAc) 是一种普遍存在的细菌细胞壁糖，其C3位带有独特的D-乳醚取代基。
Cas No.:10597-89-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Ac-muramic acid (N-acetylmuramic acid, MurNAc) is a ubiquitous bacterial cell wall sugar that carries a unique D-lactyl ether substituent at the C3 position [1]. Ac-muramic acid was used as a substrate for Ac-muramic acid etherase MurQ [1]. Ac-muramic acid was obtained either from the environment or from the endogenous cell wall (i.e., recycling). High-level expression of MurQ is required for growth on Ac-muramic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy, whereas constitutive low-level expression of MurQ is sufficient for the recycling of peptidoglycan fragments continuously released from the cell wall during bacterial growth [2].
In vitro, Ac-muramic acid (0-300μg/mL) concentration-dependently inhibited the iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells [3].
In vivo, Ac-muramic acid (40mg/kg; oral gavage; 25 days) inhibited the intestinal villi edema in the E. coli-induced ICR mice and decreased the production of IFN-α in the blood [3].
References:
[1] Jaeger, Tina, Momo Arsic, and Christoph Mayer. "Scission of the lactyl ether bond of N-acetylmuramic acid by Escherichia coli “etherase”." Journal of Biological Chemistry 280.34 (2005): 30100-30106.
[2] Jaeger, Tina, and Christoph Mayer. "The transcriptional factors MurR and catabolite activator protein regulate N-acetylmuramic acid catabolism in Escherichia coli." Journal of bacteriology 190.20 (2008): 6598-6608.
[3] Wu, Zhen, et al. "N-acetylmuramic acid triggers anti-inflammatory capacity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and mice." journal of functional foods 13 (2015): 108-116.
Ac-muramic acid (N-acetylmuramic acid, MurNAc) 是一种普遍存在的细菌细胞壁糖，其C3位带有独特的D-乳醚取代基[1]。Ac-muramic acid被用作Ac-muramic acid醚酶MurQ的底物[1]。Ac-muramic acid来源于环境或内源细胞壁（即循环利用）。在以Ac-muramic acid作为唯一碳源和能量来源时，细菌需要高水平表达 MurQ才能维持正常生长，而在细菌生长过程中持续从细胞壁释放的肽聚糖片段的回收，仅需 MurQ的组成型低水平表达即可满足[2]。
在体外，Ac-muramic acid（0-300μg/mL）呈浓度依赖性地抑制RAW 264.7细胞中iNOS和COX-2蛋白及mRNA的表达[3]。
在体内，Ac-muramic acid（40mg/kg；灌胃；25天）抑制大肠杆菌诱导的ICR小鼠肠绒毛水肿，并降低血液中IFN-α水平[3]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | RAW 264.7 cells |
Preparation Method | RAW 264.7 cells (3 × 105 cells/mL) were seeded into 12-well plates with 1mL DMEM media containing 10% (v/v) FBS. Cells were pretreated with peptidoglycan (PGN), PGN hydrolysate (hydrolyzed by lysozyme at 37°C, 4h), Ac-muramic acid, (N-acetylglucosamine) NAG and tetrapeptides Ala-Glu-Lys-Ala (AEKA) for 4 hours before stimulated with 100ng/mL LPS. Cells were continually cultured for 18 hours for iNOS, COX-2 and GAPDH detection or 30 in for p-p38, IκBα, p-IκBα detection. |
Reaction Conditions | 0-300μg/mL; 4h |
Applications | Ac-muramic acid concentration-dependent inhibited the expressing on iNOS and COX-2 protein expression, from a concentration of 100μg/mL to 300μg/mL. |
| Animal experiment [1]: | |
Animal models | Adult male ICR mice |
Preparation Method | The control group was orally given a control diet (normal saline alone); three Ac-muramic acid treatment groups (induced by E. coli 0111:B4) (I, II, III) were given Ac-muramic acid doses of 10 (I), 20 (II) and 40 (III) mg·kg−1·d−1 body weight, respectively. |
Dosage form | 10, 20, 40mg·kg−1·d−1; oral gavage; 25 days |
Applications | Ac-muramic acid inhibited the intestinal villi edema in E. coli-induced group. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 10597-89-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | N-乙酰胞壁酸 | ||
| 分子式 | C11H19NO8 | 分子量 | 293.27 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 2.5 mg/ml,DMSO: 30 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.4098 mL | 17.0491 mL | 34.0983 mL |
| 5 mM | 682 μL | 3.4098 mL | 6.8197 mL |
| 10 mM | 341 μL | 1.7049 mL | 3.4098 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00% Appearance: A solid
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