Eicosapentaenoic Acid 1,2,3,4,5-13C

Eicosapentaenoic acid 1,2,3,4,5-¹³C (EPA 1,2,3,4,5-¹³C) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of EPA by GC- or LC-MS. EPA is an ω-3, polyunsaturated fatty acid that has been found in fish oil.¹ It inhibits RANKL-induced increases in TNF-α levels in RAW 264.7 cells when used at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM.² EPA (65 pM) reduces thrombin-induced aggregation of, and increases thromboxane 3 (TXA₃) levels in, platelets from isolated human platelet-rich plasma.³ It reduces RANKL-induced TGF-β receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) stimulation of osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells when used at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM and decreases RANKL-induced bone resorption in RAW 264.7 cells at 50 µM.² EPA (50 µg/ml) decreases aspartate aminotransferase activity in dogs.⁴ It prevents reductions in brain perfusion and increases in cortical and striatal infarct volumes, as well as improves lateral coordination and posture, in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day.⁵