DiD perchlorate is a lipophilic fluorescent dye that can rapidly and stably integrate into phospholipid cell membranes and is widely used as Di to label cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses and lipoproteins[1]. DiD exhibits distinct red fluorescence, which facilitates multicolor imaging and flow cytometry analysis of live cells[2]. DiD perchlorate has been used to label plasma membranes and endocytic organelles in bovine aortic endothelial cells and rat hippocampal slices[3]. DiD has also been used to assess proliferation in prostate cancer cell lines by flow cytometry, where cell populations with high DiD expression were associated with lower proliferation[3]. DiD is non-cytotoxic and detectable after three weeks in subcutaneously implanted PC3 cells in vivo[4]. DiD can be excited by 633nm helium-neon (He-Ne) laser, has a longer excitation and emission wavelength than Dil, and is especially suitable for labeling cells and tissues with background fluorescence.
DiD高氯酸盐是一种亲脂性荧光染料，它可以快速稳定地整合到磷脂细胞膜中，被广泛用作Di来标记细胞，细胞器，脂质体，病毒和脂蛋白[1]。DiD表现出明显的红色荧光，有利于活细胞的多色成像和流式细胞术分析[2]。DiD高氯酸盐已被用于标记牛主动脉内皮细胞和大鼠海马切片中的质膜和内吞细胞器[3]。DiD还被用于通过流式细胞术评估前列腺癌细胞系中的增殖，其中高DiD表达的细胞群与较低的增殖有关[3]。DiD无细胞毒性，可在三周后在体内皮下植入的PC3细胞中检测到[4]。DiD可被633nm氦-氖(He-Ne)激光激发，具有比Dil更长的激发和发射波长，特别适合用于标记具本底荧光的细胞和组织。
References:
[1]. Yumoto, K., Berry, J.E., Taichman, R.S., et al.A novel method for monitoring tumor proliferation in vivo using fluorescent dye DiDCytometry A.85(6)548-555(2014).
[2]. Dailey, M.E., and Waite, M.Confocal imaging of microglial cell dynamics in hippocampal slice culturesMethods18(2)222-230(1999).
[3]. Lin, C.P., Lynch, M.C., and Kochevar, I.E.Reactive oxidizing species produced near the plasma membrane induce apoptosis in bovine aorta endothelial cellsExp. Cell Res.259(2)351-359(2000).
[4]. Ribeiro, T., Raja, S., Rodrigues, A.S., et al.NIR and visible perylenediimide-silica nanoparticles for laser scanning bioimagingDyes Pigments110227-234(2014)