Testosterone cypionate is an oil-soluble testosterone prodrug with a long elimination half-life, acting as an androgen receptor (AR) agonist. Testosterone cypionate promotes protein anabolism, reduces protein catabolism, and increases erythropoiesis by activating the androgen receptor. Testosterone cypionate is primarily used to treat male low testosterone levels, hypogonadism, and cryptorchidism[1-4].
In vivo, Testosterone cypionate (0.3mg/ml, 1.5mg/ml, 3.0mg/ml; 0.1ml/10g) was administered as a single intramuscular injection to 6-8 week old male Swiss mice. Testosterone cypionate (3.0mg/ml) induced micronucleus formation and reduced the PCE/NCE ratio, resulting in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity[5]. Testosterone cypionate (15mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously once daily for 10 days to C57BL/6J male mice with severe controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury. Testosterone cypionate improved mitochondrial calcium ion efflux and ATP synthesis efficiency, and downregulated molecular drivers of neurodegeneration[6].
References:
[1] Rivero MJ, Ory J, Diaz P, et al. Comparison of Hematocrit Change in Testosterone-deficient Men Treated With Intranasal Testosterone Gel vs Intramuscular Testosterone Cypionate: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Urol. 2023 Jul;210(1):162-170.
[2] Ponce MB, Schauberger E, Connor E, et al. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to testosterone cypionate injections. Contact Dermatitis. 2024 Oct;91(4):364-365.
[3] Pan MM, Kovac JR. Beyond testosterone cypionate: evidence behind the use of nandrolone in male health and wellness. Transl Androl Urol. 2016 Apr;5(2):213-9.
[4] Damião B, Rossi-Junior WC, Guerra FDR, et al. Anabolic steroids and their effects of on neuronal density in cortical areas and hippocampus of mice. Braz J Biol. 2021 Jul-Sep;81(3):537-543.
[5] Meireles JR, Oliveira SV, Costa-Neto AO, et al. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of testosterone cypionate (deposteron(®)). Mutat Res. 2013 May 15;753(2):72-5.
[6] Carteri RB, Kopczynski A, Rodolphi MS, et al. Testosterone Administration after Traumatic Brain Injury Reduces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration. J Neurotrauma. 2019 Jul 15;36(14):2246-2259.
Testosterone cypionate一种油溶性的、具有较长消除半衰期的睾酮前体药物，是雄激素受体（AR）的激动剂。Testosterone cypionate通过激活雄激素受体来促进蛋白质合成代谢、减少蛋白质分解代谢，并增加红细胞生成。Testosterone cypionate主要用于治疗男性低睾酮水平、性腺功能减退症和隐睾症的相关治疗[1-4]。
在体内，Testosterone cypionate（0.3mg/ml、1.5mg/ml、3.0mg/ml；0.1ml/10g）单次肌肉注射，用于处理6-8周龄雄性瑞士小鼠。Testosterone cypionate（3.0mg/ml）诱导了微核形成并降低了PCE/NCE比值，产生基因毒性和细胞毒性[5]。Testosterone cypionate（15mg/kg）每天一次皮下注射，持续10天，用于处理严重控制性皮质撞击创伤性脑损伤模型C57BL/6J雄性小鼠。Testosterone cypionate改善了小鼠的线粒体钙离子外排和ATP合成效率，下调了神经退行性变的分子驱动因子[6]。