Columbamine is an alkaloid that has been found in Plumeria rubra and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4,5 It is also a metabolite of berberine .4 Columbamine inhibits the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A4 (IC50 = 30.6 ?M).3 It is active against P. falciparum (IC50 = 1.92 ?M).1 It decreases glucose consumption of, and triglyceride levels in, HepG2 cells when used at concentrations of 3 and 15 ?M, respectively.2,4 Columbamine (56 mg/kg) reduces xylene-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice.5
1.Wright, C.W., Marshall, S.J., Russell, P.F., et al.In vitro antiplasmodial, antiamoebic, and cytotoxic activities of some monomeric isoquinoline alkaloidsJ. Nat. Prod.63(12)1638-1640(2000) 2.Chen, H.-Y., Ye, X.-L., Cui, X.-L., et al.Cytotoxicity and antihyperglycemic effect of minor constituents from Rhizoma Coptis in HepG2 cellsFitoterapia83(1)67-73(2012) 3.Su, C.-R., Ueng, Y.-F., Dung, N.X., et al.Cytochrome P3A4 inhibitors and other constituents of Fibraurea tinctoriaJ. Nat. Prod.70(12)1930-1933(2007) 4.Cao, S., Zhou, Y., Xu, P., et al.Berberine metabolites exhibit triglyceride-lowering effects via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in Hep G2 cellsJ. Ethnopharmacol.149(2)576-582(2013) 5.Liu, X., Hu, Z., Shi, Q., et al.Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of compounds from Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) GagnepArch. Pharm. Res.33(7)981-987(2010)