Clothianidin-d3

Clothianidin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Clothianidin.Clothianidin-d3 is a neonicotinoid insecticide. Clothianidin-d3 shows excellent long-term control effect in small doses against various insect pests such as Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Homoptera, Heteroptera, Orthoptera and Isoptera families. Clothianidin-d3 has various application methods and high safety for crops.

Clothianidin-d₃ (30 nM) exhibits high activity on isolated neurons^[3].
Clothianidin-d₃ (1 µg/L; 36 h) shows sublethal effect on monarch butterfly larvae in milkweed^[4].
Clothianidin-d₃ (0.25 mg/seed and 0.50 mg/seed) has a low concentration in soil and water in farmland cultivated with corn and soybean^[5].

References:
[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019 Feb;53(2):211-216.
[2]. Uneme H. Chemistry of clothianidin and related compounds. J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Apr 13;59(7):2932-7.
[3]. Nauen R, et al. Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid precursor converted to clothianidin in insects and plants[J]. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2003, 76(2): 55-69.
[4]. Pecenka JR, et al. Non-target effects of clothianidin on monarch butterflies. Naturwissenschaften. 2015 Apr;102(3-4):19.
[5]. de Perre C, et al. Fate and effects of clothianidin in fields using conservation practices. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2015 Feb;34(2):258-65.