Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.1 It is active against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro, including S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, Legionella, N. gonorrhoeae, and H. pylori (MIC50s = 0.004-1 ?g/ml).2 It is also active against clinical isolates of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Eubacterium, Actinomyces, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Streptococcus in vitro (MIC50s = 0.5-2 ?g/ml).3 Ciprofloxacin inhibits S. aureus DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (IC50s = 13.5 and 5.76 ?g/ml, respectively).4 It reduces mortality in mouse models of intraperitoneal E. coli, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus infection (ED90-100s = 1-5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 20-40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively) and prevents mortality in a mouse model of subcutaneous S. typhimurium infection at 10 mg/kg.5,6 Formulations containing ciprofloxacin have been used in the treatment of bacterial infections.
1.Drlica, K., and Zhao, X.DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolonesMicrobiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.61(3)377-392(1997) 2.Nilius, A.M., Shen, L.L., Hensey-Rudloff, D., et al.In vitro antibacterial potency and spectrum of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinoloneAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.47(10)3260-3269(2003) 3.Bansal, M.B., and Thadepalli, H.Activity of difloxacin (A-56619) and A-56620 against clinical anaerobic bacteria in vitroAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.31(4)619-621(1987) 4.Takei, M., Fukuda, H., Kishii, R., et al.Target preference of 15 quinolones against Staphylococcus aureus, based on antibacterial activities and target inhibitionAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.45(12)3544-3547(2001) 5.Easmon, C.S.F., Crane, J.P., and Blowers, A.Effect of ciprofloxacin on intracellular organisms: In-vitro and in-vivo studiesJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.18 (Suppl D)43-48(1986) 6.Zeiler, H.J., and Grohe, K.The in vitro and in vivo activity of ciprofloxacinEur. J. Clin. Microbiol.3(4)339-343(1984)