Chamazulene is a terpene that has been found in chamomile (M. recutita) flowers and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.1 It reduces increases in matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-9, COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and p65 NF-κB levels in IL-1β-stimulated primary rat chondrocytes when used at a concentration of 10 µg/ml. Chamazulene (10 and 20 µg/ml) reduces IL-1β-induced production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increases levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in primary rat chondrocytes. In vivo, chamazulene (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduces hind paw volume, serum levels of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6, and cartilage erosion in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA).
1.Ma, D., He, J., and He, D.Chamazulene reverses osteoarthritic inflammation through regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and NF-kβ pathway in in-vitro and in-vivo modelsBiosci. Biotechol. Biochem.84(2)402-410(2020)