CEP-Lysine-d4

CEP-Lysine-d₄ contains four deuterium atoms at the carboxyethyl 2,3',3,3' positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of CEP-lysine by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is abundant in the brain and in photoreceptor cell membranes in the retina. Oxidative cleavage of phospholipids containing DHA produces reactive electophilic phospholipid fragments, including 4-hydroxy-7-oxohept-5-enoates.¹ These can interact with the primary amine group of lysyl residues to produce 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) derivatives, which are abundant in certain diseases.^2,3 Advanced glycation end products, including CEP-lysine are biomarkers for age-related macular degeneration.^4,5 CEP-lysine-d₄ is a deuterated form of CEP-lysine.

1.Lu, L., Gu, X., Hong, L., et al.Synthesis and structural characterization of carboxyethylpyrrole-modified proteins: Mediators of age-related macular degenerationBioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry177548-7561(2009) 2.Gu, X., Sun, M., Gugiu, B., et al.Oxidatively truncated docosahexaenoate phospholipids: Total synthesis, generation, and peptide adduction chemistryThe Journal of Organic Chemistry683749-3761(2003) 3.Crabb, J.W., Miyagi, M., Gu, X., et al.Drusen proteome analysis: An approach to the etiology of age-related macular degenerationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America99(23)14682-14687(2002) 4.Gu, J., Pauer, G.J.T., Yue, X., et al.Assessing susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration with proteomic and genomic biomarkersMol.Cell.Proteomics81338-1349(2009) 5.Ni, J., Yuan, X., Gu, J., et al.Plasma protein pentosidine and carboxymethyllysine, biomarkers for age-related macular degenerationMol.Cell.Proteomics81921-1933(2009)