Allocholic acid(3α, 7α, 12α-trihydroxy-5α-cholic acid(ACA)), Allocholic acid is a conjugated and isomer of isocholic acid. Allocholic acid is found in vertebrates, some mammals, and humans and occurs during liver regeneration and carcinogenesis. It has been suggested to function as a migratory pheromone in some migratory fish species, such as the sea lamprey [1-4]. Allocholic acid concentrations are typically low or undetectable in healthy adults but elevated in fetuses, infants, pregnant women, certain malignancies, and during liver regeneration [5-7]. Compared to its 5β differential isome-Major bile acids (BAs), allocholic acid induces a more pronounced cholestatic effect, leading to enhanced bile flow [8].
Allocholic acid(100mg/kg; i.g; 14days) treated normal mice at high doses without causing liver damage for 14 days. Allocholic acid(25-100mg/kg; i.g; 14days) pretreatments substantially alleviated the necrosis of hepatocytes and significantly reduced the elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and direct bilirubin (DBIL) levels brought on by ANIT. Allocholic acid may protect mice from ANIT-induced cholestasis with liver injury[9].
References:
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[3]. Li W, Sorensen PW, et,al. The olfactory system of migratory adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is specifically and acutely sensitive to unique bile acids released by conspecific larvae. J Gen Physiol. 1995 May;105(5):569-87. doi: 10.1085/jgp.105.5.569. PMID: 7658193; PMCID: PMC2216950.
[4]. Briggs T, Bussjaeger C. Allocholic acid, the major component in bile from the river carpsucker, Carpiodes carpio (Rafinesque) (Catostomidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1972 Jul 15;42(3):493-6. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(72)90264-7. PMID: 4644219.
[5]. Mendoza ME, Monte MJ, et,al. Physiological characteristics of allo-cholic acid. J Lipid Res. 2003 Jan;44(1):84-92. doi: 10.1194/jlr.m200220-jlr200. PMID: 12518026.
[6]. Kimura A, Mahara R, et,al. Profile of urinary bile acids in infants and children: developmental pattern of excretion of unsaturated ketonic bile acids and 7beta-hydroxylated bile acids. Pediatr Res. 1999 Apr;45(4 Pt 1):603-9. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199904010-00022. PMID: 10203155.
[7]. Mendoza, M. E., et,al. Changes in the pattern of bile acids in the nuclei of rat liver cells during hepatocarcinogenesis. Clinical Science, 102(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs1020143
[8]. Mendoza ME, Monte MJ, et,al. Physiological characteristics of allo-cholic acid. J Lipid Res. 2003 Jan;44(1):84-92. doi: 10.1194/jlr.m200220-jlr200. PMID: 12518026.
[9]. Han X, Lin C, et,al. Allocholic acid protects against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis in mice by ameliorating disordered bile acid homeostasis. J Appl Toxicol. 2024 Apr;44(4):582-594. doi: 10.1002/jat.4562. Epub 2023 Nov 15. PMID: 37968239.
Allocholic acid( 3α， 7α， 12α-三羟基-5α-胆酸(ACA))，Allocholic acid是异胆酸的共轭体及胆酸的同分异构体。Allocholic acid存在于脊椎动物，某些哺乳动物和人类中, 在肝脏再生和癌变过程中出现。它被认为是一些洄游鱼类的洄游信息素，如海七鳃鳗[1-4]。Allocholic acid浓度在健康成人中通常较低或检测不到，但在胎儿、婴儿、孕妇、某些恶性肿瘤和肝脏再生过程中升高[5-7]。与其5β差异异构体Major bile acids (BAs) 相比，Allocholic acid诱导更明显的胆汁淤积作用，导致胆汁流量增强[8]。
高剂量Allocholic acid(100mg/kg; i.g; 14days)处理正常小鼠14天不会造成肝损伤。Allocholic acid(25-100mg/kg; i.g; 14days)预处理可显著缓解肝细胞坏死，降低ANIT引起的天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和直接胆红素(DBIL)水平升高。Allocholic acid可以保护小鼠免受抗氧化酶诱导的胆汁淤积肝损伤[9]。