β-Endorphin (β-EP) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide with diverse biological activities.1 It is produced via piomelanocortin cleavage in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and in lymphocytes, then migrates to its sites of action which include plasma, gut, skin, placenta, cerebrospinal fluid, and cardiac tissues. β-EP induces concentration-dependent decreases in electrically stimulated contraction of the mouse vas deferens that can be reversed by the μ-opioid antagonist CTP and δ-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864.2 In vivo, β-EP (5 μg, i.c.v.) slows gastrointestinal transit in mice. β-EP (0.5 or 5 μg, i.c.v.) stimulates food intake in rats for 4 to 6 hours, however, this effect is not prolonged with continuous infusion.3 It antagonizes the appetite-suppressive effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) for the first three days post administration. β-EP also reduces paralytic demyelination induced by the murine coronavirus MHV-JHM in immunocompetent, but not irradiated or immune-incompetent, mice and rats.4
1.Herath, H.M., Cabot, P.J., Shaw, P.N., et al.Study of beta endorphin metabolism in inflamed tissue, serum and trypsin solution by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysisAnal. Bioanal. Chem.402(6)2089-2100(2012) 2.Shook, J.E., Kazmierski, W., Wire, W.S., et al.Opioid receptor selectivity of beta-endorphin in vitro and in vivo: mu, delta and epsilon receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.246(3)1018-1025(1988) 3.Dutia, R., Meece, K., Dighe, S., et al.β-Endorphin antagonizes the effects of α-MSH on food intake and body weightEndocrinology153(9)4246-4255(2012) 4.Gilmore, W., and Moradzadeh, D.S.b-endorphin protects mice from neurological disease induced by the murine coronavirus MHV-JHMJ. Neuroimmunol.48(1)81-90(1993)