4-ethylphenyl sulfate is an orally active and blood-brain barrier-penetrating intestinal microbial metabolite [1]. N-4-Ethylphenyl sulfate acts as a protein-bound uremic toxin that causes endothelial dysfunction and leads to chronic kidney disease [2]. 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate is widely used as a diagnostic biomarker for intestinal flora imbalance and autism, and is used as a reference substance to develop liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization methods for the identification of related compounds[3].
In vitro, 4-ethylphenyl sulfate treatment (10mM) for 72 hours significantly reduced the viability of HCT-116 cells, accompanied by cell volume reduction, formation of intracellular vesicles, and damage to cell membrane integrity[4].
References:
[1] Needham B D, Funabashi M, Adame M D, et al. A gut-derived metabolite alters brain activity and anxiety behaviour in mice[J]. Nature, 2022, 602(7898): 647-653.
[2] Verma D, Hashmi S Z H, Lakshmi G, et al. Electrochemical sensor based on polydopamine-molecularly imprinted polymer for detection of 4-ethylphenyl sulfate “a novel gut metabolite”: Fabrication, characterization, and performance evaluation in human urine[J]. Microchemical Journal, 2023, 193: 108964.
[3] Sandoni L, Asta L, Giompaolo N, et al. The Role of Microbiota Metabolites Propionic Acid, p‐Cresol, and 4‐Ethylphenyl Sulfate in Autism Susceptibility: A Systematic Review[J]. Autism Research, 2026: e70237.
[4] Jaiswal J, Srivastav A K, Kushwaha M, et al. Gut Microbial Metabolite 4-Ethylphenylsulfate Is Selectively Deleterious and Anticancer to Colon Cancer Cells[J]. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2025, 68(10): 10425-10438.
4-ethylphenyl sulfate是一种口服有效且能穿透血脑屏障的肠道微生物代谢物[1]。4-ethylphenyl sulfate作为一种蛋白结合性尿毒症毒素，可导致内皮功能障碍并引发慢性肾脏病[2]。4-ethylphenyl sulfate被广泛用作肠道菌群失调和自闭症的诊断生物标志物，并作为参考物质用于开发液相色谱/电喷雾电离方法以鉴定相关化合物[3]。
在体外，10mM的4-ethylphenyl sulfate处理HCT-116细胞72小时，显著降低了细胞活力，并伴随细胞体积缩小、细胞内囊泡形成以及细胞膜完整性受损[4]。