3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3-HPPA) sulfate is a metabolite of a variety of phenols, including ferulic acid , dihydroferulic acid, and dihydrocaffeic acid , and the glycosides echinacoside and acteoside.1,2 Urinary excretion of 3-HPPA sulfate is reduced in protein-deficient mice infected with C. parvum and increased in mice fed wheat bran or functionalized wheat bran.3
1.Ma, Y., Lu, Y., Petrofsky, K., et al.Double-edged metabolic effects from short-term feeding of functionalized wheat bran to mouse revealed by metabolomic profilingJ. Agric. Food Chem69(23)6543-6555(2021) 2.Cui, Q., Pan, Y., Bai, X., et al.Systematic characterization of the metabolites of echinacoside and acteoside from Cistanche tubulosa in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces based on UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSBiomed. Chromatogr.30(9)1406-1415(2015) 3.Bolick, D.T., Mayneris-Perxachs, J., Medlock, G.L., et al.Increased urinary trimethylamine n-oxide following cryptosporidium infection and protein malnutrition independent of microbiome effectsJ. Infect. Dis.216(1)64-71(2017)