4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an amino acid that has been found in fenugreek (T. foenum graecum) seeds and has antidiabetic activity.1,2,3 It increases glucose-stimulated insulin release from isolated rat islets and isolated perfused rat pancreas when used at a concentration of 200 μM.1 In vivo, 4-hydroxyisoleucine increases PI3K activity in muscle and liver in rats when administered at a dose of 18 mg/kg and in muscle in a rat model of type 2 diabetes induced by nicotinamide and streptozotocin when administered at 25 mg/kg.2 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (50 mg/kg per day for four weeks) decreases plasma glucose, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and cholesterol levels in an STZ-induced rat model of type 1 diabetes.3
1.Broca, C., Manteghetti, M., Gross, R., et al.4-Hydroxyisoleucine: Effects of synthetic and natural analogues on insulin secretionEur. J. Pharmacol.390(3)339-345(2000) 2.Broca, C., Breil, V., Cruciani-Guglielmacci, C., et al.Insulinotropic agent ID-1101 (4-hydroxyisoleucine) activates insulin signaling in ratAm. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.287(3)E463-E471(2004) 3.Haeri, M.R., Limaki, H.K., White, C.J., et al.Non-insulin dependent anti-diabetic activity of (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic ratsPhytomedicine19(7)571-574(2012)