2-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA), an amino acid derivative, has broad antibacterial activity.
2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid is not cytotoxic and genotoxic at concentrations
2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid reduces expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in a murine chamber model of C. albicans biofilm, compared to those of chambers containing caspofungin and PBS.[3]
[1] Sakko M, et al. Mycoses. 2014 Apr;57(4):214-21. [2] Selis D, et al. J Endod. 2019 May;45(5):578-583. [3] Nieminen MT, et al. 2014 Sep;21(9):1240-5.