13C28-Bongkrekic Acid

¹³C₂₈-Bongkrekic Acid is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of bongkrekic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Bongkrekic acid is polyketide and bacterial toxin that has been found in B. gladioli.^1,2 It is an inhibitor of ADP/ATP translocase (AAT), a carrier protein that imports ADP into the mitochondrial matrix and exports ATP into the intermembrane space.^1,3 It prevents ADP import and inhibits mitochondrial respiration (K_i = 20 nM in isolated rat liver mitochondria).^4,5 Bongkrekic acid induces cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells deprived of estradiol for six months (EC₅₀ = 2.58 µM).⁶ It is toxic to mice (LD₅₀s = 0.68-6.84 mg/kg, p.o.).⁷